Friday, September 15, 2017
op-amp with limited bandwidth
op-amp open loop transfer function: B(s)=Vo(s)Vx(s)=−A1+swp, where wp is the first pole of op-amp and A is it's dc gain. Total charges at node x in sampling phase: −qx=(C1+Cf)×Vi(s). Ideally, charges at node x cannot escape (no low impedance path exist); therefore, op-amp settles with respect to charge equilibrium at node x: −qf+q1=−qxCf(Vo(s)−Vx(s))−C1Vx(s)=(C1+Cf)×Vi(s) if β=CfC1+Cf, and given op-amp open loop transfer function (Eq. (2)): Vo(s)=−B(s)1−βB(s)Vi(s)H(s)=B(s)βB(s)−1=A1+swp+βA=1β+1A11+swp(1+βA) where H(s) is the closed loop transfer function of the circuit. step response of H(s), Y(s) is given by: Y(s)=1β+1A(1s−1s+wp(1+βA))y(t)=1β+1A(1−e−wp(1+βA)t) at the end of amplification period (t=Ts2), gain error is equal to: Gerr=1β−y(t=Ts2)=1β−1β+1A+1β+1Ae−wp(1+βA)2fs assumption 1- unity gain bandwidth of open loop op-am, fu, given A≫1: wu=wp√A2−1≈Awpfu=Awp2π assumption 2- unity gain bandwidth of closed loop op-amp, f∗u given β+1A≈β: H(s)=1β2(1β+A)2+w∗uw2p=A2w∗u=Awp√1−β2f∗u=Awp√1−β22π for simplification, let's assume dc gain is relatively large; therefore, β+1A≈β: Gerr=1βe−Aβwp2fs for an N-bit pipeline, input refered gain error, Ginputerr=Gerr1β, should be better than quantization error: Ginputerr<2−NAβwp2fs>Nln(2)fu>Nln(2)πβfs
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